Understanding Demolition Work

What is Demolition Work?
Demolition work involves dismantling or demolishing a structure or part of a structure that is load-bearing or otherwise related to the physical integrity of the structure. It is more than just tearing down buildings—it includes activities such as:

• Demolishing walls, floors, and structural supports.
• Dismantling load-bearing elements.
• Removing hazardous materials like asbestos.
• Partial demolition as part of renovation or alteration projects.

Types of Demolition:

1. Manual Demolition:

   • Involves using handheld tools like hammers, chisels, and crowbars.
   • Often used for small-scale jobs or when precision is required, such as in heritage conservation.

2. Mechanical Demolition:

   • Utilizes heavy machinery such as excavators, bulldozers, and wrecking balls.
   • Suitable for large-scale demolitions or structures made of reinforced concrete and steel.

3. Explosive Demolition:

   • Also known as “implosion.”
   • Involves using controlled explosives to collapse a structure inward.
   • Requires specialized expertise and is used for tall buildings or chimneys.

Demolition Activities Covered under the Model Code of Practice:
The Model Code of Practice: Demolition Work outlines specific activities related to demolition, including:

• Demolishing load-bearing walls or structural supports.
• Removing parts of a structure that maintain its physical integrity.
• Using mechanical equipment for dismantling.
• Managing hazardous substances (e.g., asbestos or lead-based materials).
• Demolition activities impacting adjoining structures.

This code applies to all workplaces where demolition work is carried out and serves as a practical guide for achieving safety standards under the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act.

High-Risk Nature of Demolition Work

Why Demolition is Classified as High-Risk Construction Work:
Demolition is classified as high-risk construction work because it involves complex processes that can pose serious safety risks, including:

• Unpredictable structural behavior during dismantling.
• Exposure to hazardous materials such as asbestos, silica dust, or lead.
• Use of heavy machinery and equipment, increasing the risk of accidents.
• Potential for structural collapse, which can endanger workers and the public.

According to the WHS Regulations, demolition work is considered high-risk if it involves:

• Demolishing an element of a structure that is load-bearing or otherwise related to the physical integrity of the structure.
• Work carried out in an area with energized electrical installations or services.
• Work involving hazardous substances or contaminated sites.

Potential Hazards Involved:

1. Structural Collapse:

   • Occurs when load-bearing elements are compromised.
   • Can result in significant injuries or fatalities.

2. Falling Objects:

   • Includes debris, tools, or structural components falling from heights.
   • Requires exclusion zones and protective structures to mitigate risk.

3. Airborne Contaminants:

   • Dust, asbestos fibers, and silica particles pose health risks.
   • Requires appropriate respiratory protective equipment (RPE) and dust suppression methods.

4. Hazardous Materials:

   • Includes asbestos, lead paint, and chemicals stored within the structure.
   • Must be identified, handled, and disposed of according to relevant legislation and safety standards.

5. Noise and Vibration Hazards:

   • Demolition work generates high noise levels and vibrations.
   • Prolonged exposure can cause hearing loss and structural damage to neighboring properties.

6. Plant and Equipment Hazards:

   • Involves risks associated with operating heavy machinery.
   • Includes potential collisions, rollovers, and equipment failure.

Recognizing and mitigating these hazards is critical to ensuring the safety of workers and the public during demolition activities.

Legal Definition and Requirements

Compliance with the Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act and Regulations:
Under the WHS Act, demolition work is categorized as “construction work,” which includes any work involving the demolition of a structure or part of a structure. Therefore, it must comply with the following:

• WHS Act: Establishes duties for Persons Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBUs) to ensure the health and safety of workers and others.
• WHS Regulations: Provide specific requirements for managing risks, including:
  • Identifying and assessing hazards before commencing work.
  • Implementing appropriate control measures using the hierarchy of controls.
  • Ensuring workers are trained and competent in demolition activities.
  • Developing and implementing Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) for high-risk construction work.

Notifiable Demolition Work:
Certain demolition activities are classified as notifiable under the WHS Regulations, which means the regulator must be notified before the work begins. These include:

• Demolition of a structure that is load-bearing or related to the physical integrity of the structure.
• Work involving the removal of asbestos or other hazardous materials.
• Demolition activities that may affect public safety or adjoining properties.

When to Notify the Regulator:

• Notification must be given in writing to the relevant WHS regulator at least five days before commencing the demolition work.
• The notification must include:
  • Details of the PCBU undertaking the demolition work.
  • Description and location of the demolition site.
  • Information about the structure being demolished, including its height, materials, and method of demolition.
  • Details of the control measures to be implemented, including SWMS and emergency procedures.

Consequences of Non-Compliance:

• Fines, penalties, or prosecution for failing to notify the regulator.
• Legal liability in the event of an incident or injury.
• Potential delays in project timelines due to regulatory action or work stoppages.